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Sherlock Holmes pt. 2


Holmes says that he first developed his methods of deduction as an undergraduate; his earliest cases, which he pursued as an amateur, came from fellow university students. A meeting with a classmate's father led him to adopt detection as a profession, and he spent six years after university as a consultant before financial difficulties led him to accept John H. Watson, despite his perplexity, as a fellow lodger in 1881. Holmes' primary intellectual detection method is abductive reasoning. Holmesian deduction consists primarily of observation-based inferences, such as his study of cigar ashes. "From a drop of water", he writes, "a logician could infer the possibility of an Atlantic or a Niagara without having seen or heard of one or the other". In "A Scandal in Bohemia", Holmes deduces that Watson had gotten wet lately and had "a most clumsy and careless servant girl". When Watson asks how Holmes knows this, the detective answers: “It is simplicity itself... my eyes tell me that on the inside of your left shoe, just where the firelight strikes it, the leather is scored by six almost parallel cuts. Obviously, they have been caused by someone who has very carelessly scraped round the edges of the sole in order to remove crusted mud from it. Hence, you see, my double deduction that you had been out in vile weather, and that you had a particularly malignant boot-slitting specimen of the London slavery.” In the first Holmes story, Dr. Watson compares Holmes to C. Auguste Dupin, Edgar Allan Poe's fictional detective, who used a similar methodology. To this Holmes replies: "In my opinion, Dupin was a very inferior fellow... he had some analytical genius, no doubt; but he was by no means such a phenomenon as Poe appears to imagine". Alluding to an episode in "The Murders in the Rue Morgue", where Dupin deduces what his friend is thinking despite their having walked together in silence for a quarter of an hour, Holmes remarks: "That trick of his breaking in on his friend's thoughts with an apropos remark... is really very showy and superficial.” Nevertheless, Holmes later performs the same 'trick' on Watson in "The Adventure of the Cardboard Box". Even though Sherlock seems to be unhuman and to always be right, Conan Doyle gives him more paints Holmes as fallible.
In the first Holmes story, Dr. Watson compares Holmes to C. Auguste Dupin, Edgar Allan Poe's fictional detective, who used a similar methodology. To this Holmes replies: "In my opinion, Dupin was a very inferior fellow... he had some analytical genius, no doubt; but he was by no means such a phenomenon as Poe appears to imagine". Alluding to an episode in "The Murders in the Rue Morgue", where Dupin deduces what his friend is thinking despite their having walked together in silence for a quarter of an hour, Holmes remarks: "That trick of his breaking in on his friend's thoughts with an apropos remark... is really very showy and superficial.” Nevertheless, Holmes later performs the same 'trick' on Watson in "The Adventure of the Cardboard Box". Even though Sherlock seems to be unhuman and to always be right, Conan Doyle gives him more paints Holmes as fallible.
The first thing that most people think when they hear Sherlock Holmes’ name is the famous sentence: ”Elementary, My Dear Watson”. Well, let me ruin this for you real quick; he never actually said that in any of the original 56 short stories or 4 novels starring his character. The closest he comes is in, “The Adventure of the Crooked Man.”
“I have the advantage of knowing your habits, my dear Watson,” said he. “When your round is a short one you walk, and when it is a long one you use a hansom. As I perceive that your boots, although used, are by no means dirty, I cannot doubt that you are at present busy enough to justify the hansom.
“Excellent!” I cried.
“Elementary,” said he.
Beyond that, there are only 7 other instances of the word “elementary” being pronounced in the official Sherlock Holmes works, though he does say “my dear Watson” numerous times. It’s noted by Sherlockian.net, one of the most popular websites about anything that has to do with Sherlock Holmes, that although Holmes never uses the often misquoted phrase, “elementary, my dear Watson“, he does use the phrase, “exactly, my dear Watson” in 3 different stories. So, the question is: where did the phrase “Elementary, my dear Watson” come from? Well, the first known, or at least recorded use of the phrase was in the 1915 novel, Psmith, Journalist written by P.G. Wodehouse. We should point out that the book does not star Sherlock Holmes and as a matter of fact, the Sherlock Holmes stories were still being published at the time. We should also point out that, though Psmith, Journalist was published as a novel in 1915, it was a serial before that, the date of the first known usage of the phrase as 1909. The exact first known instance of the “Elementary, my dear Watson”, which appears in that work, is as follows:
“I fancy,” said Psmith, “that this is one of those moments when it is necessary for me to unlimber my Sherlock Holmes system. As thus. If the rent collector had been there, it is certain, I think, that Comrade Spaghetti, or whatever you said his name was, wouldn’t have been. That is to say, if the rent collector had called and found no money waiting for him, surely Comrade Spaghetti would have been out in the cold night instead of under his own roof-tree.  Do you follow me, Comrade Maloney?”
“That’s right,” said Billy Windsor. “Of course.”
“Elementary, my dear Watson, elementary,” murmured Psmith. 
Irene Adler Norton is a character featured in "A Scandal in Bohemia", published in July 1891. She is one of the most notable female characters in the Sherlock Holmes stories, despite appearing in only one tale. Irene Adler is the only woman that Sherlock Holmes shows an unbounded admiration for. For example, when the King of Bohemia says, "Would she not have made an admirable queen? Is it not a pity that she was not on my level?" Holmes replies that Miss Adler is indeed on a much different level than the King, by which he means higher.

The beginning of "A Scandal in Bohemia" describes the high regard in which Holmes held Adler:
To Sherlock Holmes she is always the woman. I have seldom heard him mention her under any other name. In his eyes she eclipses and predominates the whole of her sex. It was not that he felt any emotion akin to love for Irene Adler. All emotions, and that one particularly, were abhorrent to his cold, precise but admirably balanced mind. He was, I take it, the most perfect reasoning and observing machine that the world has seen, but as a lover he would have placed himself in a false position. He never spoke of the softer passions, save with a gibe and a sneer. They were admirable things for the observer--excellent for drawing the veil from men's motives and actions. But for the trained reasoner to admit such intrusions into his own delicate and finely adjusted temperament was to introduce a distracting factor which might throw a doubt upon all his mental results. Grit in a sensitive instrument, or a crack in one of his own high-power lenses, would not be more disturbing than a strong emotion in a nature such as his. And yet there was but one woman to him, and that woman was the late Irene Adler, of dubious and questionable memory.
This "memory" is kept alive by a photograph of Irene, which had been left for the King when she and her new husband took flight with the photograph of Irene and the King. Holmes asked for and received this photo of Irene as his payment for his part in the case. This photograph is one of his most prized possessions. However, despite all this, Holmes did not feel anything more than respect and possibly admiration for her.

Article by Azzurra Furnari

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